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   浙派是明代前中期中国画坛的重要绘画流派,明代中后期其优势位置被吴门画派取代。浙派绘画与明代宫廷绘画曾呈双峰之势,自宣德至正德年间,两派雄踞当时中国画坛,代表了当时中国绘画的主流。以戴进、吴伟为首的浙派画家,在笔墨风格上崇尚马远、夏圭等南宋院体画家,山水多用大斧劈皴,构图亦善于经营。一般说来,他们都是山水、人物兼长,这在明代文人画家中比较少见。

   张路(1464—1538),字天驰,号平山,河南汴梁(今开封)人,明中期画家。张路早年师法戴进,后学吴伟,用笔豪放纵逸,水墨酣畅淋漓,与朱端、蒋嵩、汪肇等同为浙派名家。张路早年“入资为太学生,颓唐自放”,由于其为人倔强,不事权贵,仕途不顺。王世贞的《艺苑卮言》记载了这样一件事:“孙滁阳为河南宪,怒张平山路不时见。至,诱之入,拶其左手指,以右手画钟馗。适左辖往候,恳之始解。张感左辖恩,竭平生力作四画以酬之。”张路早年画学戴进,临摹能肖其神,画法工细。至南京后,又宗法吴伟,变为粗笔写意。他善画人物,多绘神仙、士子、渔夫,形象质朴,神态清朗,具高昂向上的气质。

   张路所作的《秋林归牧图》,景致简略,笔墨遒劲,风格豪放,缺少秀逸和蕴藉的意境,这也是浙派山水画的特点。浙派山水画用笔偏于直露,意境多不如吴门画派,到后期更趋于草率狂放。此画作以深秋的树林为背景,已无枝叶的树木和远处成群的乌鸦为我们描绘出一片秋风萧瑟场景。全画构图紧凑,用笔遒劲,墨趣秀逸,给人一种阴沉、雄壮、寒冷之感。树下恬静的牧人,在林间悠然的放牧,给阴沉的环境增加一丝灵性。此作品右上有清人方楘如所作诗句,“鸦鸣老树影婆娑,猎猎秋风英草坡。荡晚牧童归去也,口中高唱太平歌。”诗句下方有两枚钤印,上方白印“方楘如印”,下方朱印“朴山”。作品左上方有张路自题“秋林归牧图”,落款“平山”,白文方印“张路之印”。

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