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  农历九月,秋水长天。如此芦花飞雪时节,南飞北雁的声声鸣叫,更给迷人秋色平添了几多意趣。

  在我国传统文化中,雁乃禽中之冠,李时珍在《本草纲目》中说雁有“四德”,“寒则自北而南止于衡阳,热则自南而北归于雁门,其信也;飞则有序而尊鸣后和,其礼也;失偶不再配,其节也;夜则群宿而一奴巡警,昼则衔芦以避缯缴,其智也。”因为雁有如此多的优良品质,所以被古人附着诸多的象征意义。鸿雁属雌雄相依,生死相随,“终身不再偶”,是坚贞不渝爱情的象征。金章宗泰和五年(1205),年仅十六岁的青年诗人元好问,在赴并州应试途中,听一位捕雁者说,天空中一对比翼双飞的大雁,其中一只被捕杀后,另一只大雁从天上一头栽了下来,殉情而死。元好问被这种生死至情所震撼,便买下这一对大雁,把它们合葬在汾水旁,建了一个小小的坟墓,叫“雁丘”,并写下了千古绝唱《摸鱼儿·雁丘词》“问世间,情为何物,直叫生死相许?”鸿雁,更是忠贞守信之鸟,春天北去,秋天南飞,从不爽期。忠贞守信,深深契合了当时文人雅士对自身价值的一种追求。

  北京故宫博物院藏《寒汀落雁图》(见图),绢本墨笔画,纵125.9、横92.1厘米。该画创作于宋朝,作者不详。画面中,水天一色,岩石逶迤,枯木参差,树叶凋零,岸边零星歪着几丛芦苇,随微风婆娑,几只白鹭点缀其间,或昂首眺望,或低头寻觅,或河中觅食。近处几只大雁在岸边悠闲地享受河边的清幽,其中有一只仿佛听到了树上两只寒鸦的窃窃私语,正翘首瞭望;画中几只大雁正在水边嬉戏;远处一群大雁振翅飞翔,形成之字形,消失在悠远的空间里。看到这里,不由让人想到汉武帝刘彻“秋风起兮白云飞,草木黄落兮雁南归”的诗句。北风萧瑟,蒹葭苍苍,孟浩然的“木落雁南度,北风江上寒”的诗句油然而生。

  此作品技法上用水墨作画,用墨用色非常的节制,淡淡的色彩,淡到几近黑白,仿佛生怕破坏这寂寥悠远的意境。用柔润的线条勾写物象,笔法灵活,疏简秀逸,自然平淡,苍润华滋,具有文人的书卷气。作者在细节刻画上更是下足了功夫,使作品惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。比如那只翘首瞭望的大雁,脖子和身体的扭动中形成了优美的曲线。羽毛被刻画得丝丝入扣,一片片一层层精致工整,精心梳理出装饰画般的工整美感。一双淡淡橙色的雁脚稳稳地站在岸边,这一抹橙色让人心生暖意。而最远处展翅高飞的大雁,细腻地从大雁站立到展翅欲飞到飞向远方的动态都在寥寥几笔中准确地表现了出来。动态的细节和整个画面萧瑟静止的状态形成了对比,搅动起整个画面的气息和动感。整幅画作呈现出一派空旷萧瑟、凄清幽旷的意境。

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