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  说到石涛,人们大多喜其笔下峰峦叠嶂,苍茫悠远。而其所绘《墨竹图》(见图),亦墨洇清风,神采飘逸;浓淡相宜,别有韵味,堪称小写意中之大手笔,令人百看不厌,爱不释手。

  此作为水墨纸本立轴,37×29.5厘米,尺幅虽则有限,蕴含进无尽情思。看似随心率性涂抹几竿枝叶,枝干若有若无,时断时续,粗细相间,着墨若轻若重,画面的层次感在屈指可数的竹叶里表现得游刃有余,淋漓畅达,将整件作品三分之二疏密有致地铺展开来,可谓恰到好处。

  石涛一般的画作题款均写得比较潦草张扬,大多以行草为主,没有一定书法功底的,很难一口气从头到尾轻松通读。像这样一笔一画接近楷书之落款,在其数以百计的作品里为数不多,上下两丛竹叶间的左侧留白处,书两句诗曰:有节无心抱,如琴似曲通。其中“有”“抱”“如”“琴”“通”诸字工工整整,规规矩矩,从这认真的字体里不难看出,这应该是石涛极为重视的画作,署名为:“清相零丁老人大涤”。钤朱文印章:清湘遗人。右上有一行鉴藏签条:“石涛和尚墨竹精品,转画瓮藏本”。

  石涛(1641—约1708),即原济,清初画家,中国画一代宗师。一作元济,本姓朱,名若极,石涛乃字讳,又号苦瓜和尚、大涤子等。本籍桂林(今属广西),僧籍全州,代考。为明靖江王朱赞仪十世孙,父亨嘉被瞿世耜俘杀时,若极年岁尚幼,少不更事,后为隐匿身份遂出家为僧,屡游安徽敬亭山、黄山,中年住南京,半世云游,晚年定居扬州,以卖画为业,与弘仁、髡残、朱耷合称“清初四僧”,他们以卓尔不群的艺术造诣和巨大社会影响力,在绘画史上留下了一段不朽的神话。

  石涛以山水名世,平日苦心观察自然景物,主张“笔墨当随时代”,早年山水师法宋元诸家,画风疏秀明洁,晚年用笔纵肆,墨法酣畅,格法多变,尤精册页小品,强调画山水者应“脱胎于山水”“搜尽奇峰打草稿”;其所作兰竹、果蔬、花卉等讲求新格,潇洒隽朗,天真烂漫,清气袭人,一反当时仿古之风潮;人物生拙古朴,别具一格。

  有清一代画坛,石涛始终是一座绕不过去的高峰。当初年仅三十多岁的他,便已饮誉文苑,名重一时——几个世纪以来,他的声名随着一件件在大拍屡创佳绩的作品,越来越被后世所追慕,所尊仰,所称颂。

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