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图1 徐世昌设色山水图轴

  徐世昌(1855—1939),字卜五,号菊人,直隶天津(今天津)人,出生于卫辉府汲县(今河南卫辉),晚清民国时期重要政治人物,袁世凯的政治盟友。清末历任军机大臣署理兵部尚书、东三省总督、内阁协理大臣。民国成立后,先后担任中华民国国务卿、中华民国大总统。他的书法多为行、草体,名重一时,在津门各殿堂里多有其墨迹,如天津老字号“正兴德茶庄”“成兴茶庄”“直隶书局”等匾额均出自他的手笔。安阳袁林的墓碑“大总统袁公世凯之墓”九个大字,亦为徐世昌的手笔。1919—1926年,徐世昌将其书法作品汇集成《水竹邨人临帖》3册、《石门山临图帖》1册,刊印发行。他的书法大宗为对联,其余为条幅、册页之类。

图2 徐世昌行书条轴

  徐世昌亦善画山水、松竹,尤其喜欢绘制扇面,造诣甚高。徐世昌的绘画属于文人画一路,其作品可贵之处在于诗、书、画一体三面。他的画强调品藻与韵味,主张诗情画意和形式内容的高度统一。每幅画大都题写自吟诗句,书卷气扑面而来,尤其是晚年作品,其意境恰与他隐逸的心性相谐和,愈显雅逸不俗。徐世昌的粉墨花卉、松竹以及梅、兰、竹、菊四君子画,品位高雅,神韵仙体,在民国画坛声誉颇高。他的代表作《晴风露月四竹图》极为出名,人称:“画中晴竹,振雨露声;风竹摇曳飘洒,露竹沐甘浸润;月竹清漪宜人,为竹作中之精品。”1920年,徐世昌以大总统身份成立“国画研究社”,聘国画大家周肇祥主其事,同时拨巨额公款,明令成立北京艺术篆刻学校。徐世昌下野之后,周肇祥仍将名人画作送往天津徐宅,请其为之鉴赏评论,还不时与徐世昌研讨中国绘画艺术问题。

  新乡市博物馆收藏徐世昌数幅书画作品。其中绘画作品徐世昌设色山水图轴(图1)与书法作品徐世昌行书条轴(图2)最为代表。

  徐世昌设色山水图轴在内容上主要为山峦、树木、房屋、人物、舟船;在章法布局方面,为三段式构图,讲究开合,注意近、中、远空间的表现。画前景为主景,岸边停泊一叶扁舟,岸上郁郁葱葱,屋内坐一人物;中景为山峦与树木;远景山峰兀立;画的上部题小诗一首。

  整幅作品平淡天真,意趣高古,笔锋凌厉,诗画相映,书画同体,神韵相连,清爽不凡。署名“水竹村人”,钤印相同。

  徐世昌行书条轴内容为宋代苏轼的《净因院画记》开篇句,“余尝论画,以为人禽宫室器用皆有常形。至于山石竹木,水波烟云,虽无常形,而有常理。常形之失,人皆知之”。落款:“勉之大兄属,徐世昌”。下有白、朱文方印各一,上白“徐世昌印”,下朱“鞠人”。此作品自然简洁,行笔流畅,心气平和,不急不缓。整幅都是一气呵成,笔墨随意而为,下笔却瘦劲利落,自成一格。

 

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