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齐白石《白衣大士图》,北京画院藏

  这件《白衣大士图》(见图),纵109、横30厘米,齐白石大师于上世纪30年代所绘,北京画院藏。

  该作品画面绘一白衣大士手托净瓶盘地而坐,人物慈悲含笑、情态动人。虽着墨不多,但线条流畅、一气呵成,设色浓而不俗,整件作品体现了齐白石“简括而不草率”的人物画特征。画家将白衣大士巧妙地安排在画面左侧,人物重心的移动使画面富于变化、不落俗套。这幅看似一简再简的人物画,其实源于白石老人的反复推敲,来自他的扎实功底以及对日常生活的仔细观察与真切体悟。

  齐白石在人物画领域入手最早。早年的他绘制了大量人物肖像画作品,包括仕女画。这些仕女画既受到民间绘画的影响,也受到清代江浙地区画家的风格启发。中年以后的齐白石更钟情于女性形象的描绘,并把她们作为美与善良的化身加以颂扬,同时不断拓展题材、变化风格。

  齐白石的人物画分早期、中期和晚期3个时期。早期是1920年以前的人物画,中期是1920年至1940年的作品,晚期是1940年以后至上世纪50年代初的作品。目前可看到齐白石最早的一幅早期肖像画,是绘于1895年的《黎夫人像》,尺幅较大,现藏于辽宁省博物馆,此时齐白石33岁。上世纪20-30年代,是齐白石绘画艺术的盛期,形成了独特的个性风格,笔墨线条概括老辣,题材形式趋于稳定。这一时期的人物画笔简而意足,纵笔挥写,画中充满幽默、智慧和讽刺。齐白石《白衣大士图》就是他上世纪30年代所绘的作品。

  据《齐白石自述》中记载,齐白石8岁就开始摹拓门上的雷公像。第一次画现实人物,是读村馆时用写字纸画“星斗塘常见的一位钓鱼老头”。青年时期他画过玉皇、老君、财神、火神、灶神、阎王、龙王、灵官、雷公、电母、雨师、风伯等许多神像作品,打下了深厚的人物绘画根基。

  观音,也称观世音、观自在、观世音菩萨。观音菩萨在佛教诸菩萨中,位居各大菩萨之首,是我国百姓最崇奉的菩萨,拥有的信徒最多、影响最大。菩萨端庄慈祥,手持净瓶杨柳,具有无量的智慧和神通,大慈大悲,普救人间疾苦。白衣大士,为观音菩萨化身之一,身穿雪白衣裳,手执杨枝净瓶,即人称的白衣观世音菩萨。白衣观音大士的信仰,在民间极其普遍。

  这件《白衣大士图》寄托着白石老人忧国忧民的思想感情,意义深远。此时的民国时期,军阀混战,日寇侵华,百姓生活艰难。画家的作品普遍带有时代的影子,白石老人把对美好生活的期待倾注于笔端,通过创作白衣大士形象,呼唤救苦救难的观音菩萨永驻人间,祈愿天下太平无战事、百姓福寿尽安康。

 

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