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  明代书画家马愈,字抑之,号华发仙人,却有个非常有意思的名号“马清痴”,可见他对于书画到非常着迷的程度。事实上一整天想着艺术,甚至吃饭、走路也在想,为艺痴迷者,这样的人往往才能成功。

  马愈为上海人,但当时并没有海派之说,所以不能归其为海派书家之类,海派是近代才有的事。其父马轼曾以星占服务于军中,又是著名的院体画家。良好的家学传承,使马愈自小就打下了极好的书画根基。马愈于明英宗天顺八年中甲申科进士,后来官至刑部主事,官不算小,在那个时代,也算光宗耀祖了。马愈善书登逸品之外,能诗,工山水,以诗文书画与江南名士有广泛交游,著有《马氏日抄》一卷。其主要作品书法《暑气帖》,诗代表作有《太湖》《罨画溪》《张公洞》。如其《张公洞》诗文如下:

  悬崖泻红泉,石洞挂钟乳。仙房碧玉梯,清凉了无暑。

  仙人洞口呼,相随看花去。欲往还自迷,云深不知处。

  其中诗句“云深不知处”来自王维《寻隐者不遇》,两诗都为写景,但对比,王维诗在意境上明显更胜一筹。但马愈的诗也不算差,还是能表达出自己的真情实感,善咏风物。

  北京故宫博物院收藏的这幅马愈《暑气帖》(见图),纸本,行书,纵23.27、横38厘米。《暑气帖》书法骨力矫健,纵逸洒脱,结体开张。风神洒荡,长波大撇,提顿起伏,一波三折,意韵十足。内紧外放,结构端紧不拘,运笔劲逸不纵。字的结构中宫紧密,四撇捺面开张,左荡右决,痛快淋漓。这种中宫收缩而四周放射的形式,被称为辐射式书体。这种形式虽取法于《瘗鹤铭》,但此帖中宫较《瘗鹤铭》更紧,四围也更放,显示了他入古出新的奇才。此帖欹侧多姿,力求险绝。其字如风枝雨叶,偃蹇横斜;又如谢家子弟,不冠不履。进一步予以夸张,横画斜度更大,撇捺向外伸展的幅度更大,没有深厚的功底和精湛的技法,是绝对不敢如此弄险的。如第一字“暑”字一撇,第七行的“马“字一横,都尽显夸张之态。布局亦十分精到,曲尽其妙。纵观全篇,擒纵自如,浓纤刚柔,长笔遒逸,短画紧洁,抑扬顿挫,呼应对比,棱角分明,显示出深厚的楷法根基。虽说是行书,在转折处,还是以楷法来写,这与二王行书有很大的区别。章法奇诡跌宕,扣人心弦,字或大或小,或长或短,或收或放,或藏或露,出没绝尘。此帖放得开,但也收入住,这是一大特色。第二行“凉思”二字,“凉”放开,“思”又收住,一大一小。

  此帖曾经明末朱之赤、清安岐等人收藏。印章密布,表明转易多手,深得藏家喜爱。释文:暑气初平,颇有凉思。十一日敬洁一觞,敢请移玉过寒舍话旧片时,惟不外是荷。马愈奉医相杜先生阁下。短短数语,但字字如珠玑,天一凉,就想到朋友,表达对朋友的深深怀念。艺术家也是人,也有自己的朋友,也有自己的情感,自古如此。重情重义,为人根本,也算德行一种,才能立足社会,不败于江湖。

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